Engineering / Rover Program

Mission
Hardware
Documentation

Three generations of competition-proven Mars rover hardware. Engineered across two countries, tested in Utah, refined for the next launch window.

ACTIVE PLATFORM
KARURA IV
NEXT COMPETITION
URC 2027
BUILD STATUS
IN PROGRESS
2025 to 2026

KARURA III

URC System Acceptance Review: qualified

Third-generation platform refining the proven KARURA II architecture with an emphasis on robustness, maintainability, and autonomous capability. Retained the centralized CAN-bus electrical system and 5-DOF arm while integrating enhanced navigation, sensing, and system redundancy features.

CONFIGURATION4-WHEEL DRIVE
DRIVE MOTORS4 × BRUSHLESS DC
ARM DOF5degrees of freedom
COMMSCAN-BUScentralized architecture
COMPUTERASPBERRY PI+ co-processors
NAVIGATIONGPS + IMUwaypoint-based
POWER BUSLiPo PACKsingle rail
KARURA III
Active Subsystems
GPS Waypoint Navigation
CAN-Bus Electrical Arch.
5-DOF Manipulator Arm
HD Camera System
Basic Science Payload
Object Detection (CV)
Wireless RC Fallback
Custom Motor Controllers
Competition

URC Task
Breakdown

The University Rover Challenge scores teams across four mission categories. Each task is evaluated against Mars-analog conditions in the Utah desert, with scoring weighted by task completion percentage and time.

TASK 01

Autonomous Navigation

01

Rover must navigate 1+ km of rocky Mars-analog terrain, identifying and reaching GPS waypoints without any human intervention.

No-comms zone for portions of the run. Terrain includes loose rock, slopes, and dry river beds.

Responsible Systems
PRIMARY SENSORSTEREO CAMERA + LiDAR
LOCALIZATIONSLAM + GPS/IMU FUSION
STACKROS2 NAV2 + CUSTOM PLANNER
OBSTACLE AVOIDCOSTMAP 2D + VOXEL GRID
COMMS CUTOFFZERO OPERATOR INPUT
TASK 02

Equipment Servicing

02

The rover must operate a cache of hand tools, including levers, buttons, and valves, using only the robotic arm and end-effector.

Requires sub-centimeter arm precision. All tools resemble real-world industrial hardware.

Responsible Systems
ARM CONFIG5-DOF SERIAL MANIPULATOR
END EFFECTORCUSTOM GRIPPER + TOOL ADAPTER
DEPTH SENSINGSTEREO CAMERA + ARUCO
CONTROL MODEOPERATOR TELEOPERATION
FEEDBACKJOINT ENCODER + FORCE EST.
TASK 03

Extreme Retrieval

03

Navigate extreme terrain gradients and narrow passages to retrieve a cache object from a designated location and return it to base.

Maximum slope angles exceed 40°. Terrain designed to challenge all 6 wheels simultaneously.

Responsible Systems
SUSPENSIONROCKER-BOGIE 4-WHEEL
TRACTIONBRUSHLESS DC × 4 INDEPENDENT
SLOPE LIMITDESIGN TARGET: 45°
TERRAIN TYPELOOSE SEDIMENT / ROCK FIELD
RETRIEVAL5-DOF ARM + CLOSED GRIPPER
TASK 04

Science Mission

04

Identify, document, and collect soil and rock samples from a designated site. Perform onboard analysis to detect potential biosignatures.

Samples must be documented in-situ with GPS coordinates, images, and onboard spectral analysis.

Responsible Systems
SAMPLINGDRILL + PASSIVE SCOOP ARM
SPECTROSCOPYPORTABLE SPECTROMETER
IMAGINGMACRO CAMERA + MICROSCOPE
GPS LOGRTK-CAPABLE MODULE
ANALYSISONBOARD CHEMISTRY PROTOCOL
Architecture

Subsystem
Inventory

MOBILITY
Drive & Suspension
Mechanical

6-wheel independent drive · Rocker-bogie passive suspension · Brushless DC motors · Differential steering geometry

MANIPULATION
Robotic Arm
Mechanical / Electrical

5-DOF serial manipulator · Custom end-effector · Joint encoders · Tool-change interface · Force estimation via current sensing

ELECTRICAL
Power & Communications
Electrical

Multi-cell LiPo architecture · CAN-bus backbone · Custom PCB motor controllers · 5.8 GHz RF comms · Redundant E-stop

AUTONOMY
Navigation & Vision Stack
Software

ROS2 Humble · Nav2 planner · SLAM Toolbox · Stereo depth estimation · YOLO-based object detection · Operator GUI

SCIENCE
Onboard Payload
Science

Portable spectrometer · Soil drill + passive scoop · Macro camera · GPS coordinate logging · Onboard analysis protocol